Sunday, December 29, 2019

The Visit At The Metropolitan Museum Of Art - 1310 Words

Over the thanksgiving break I visited the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Met is an art museum in New York City that has a variety of ancient artwork from different cultures and time periods. There is paintings and sculptures from Ancient Egypt, Ancient Rome and Greece. The museum is additionally home to artwork from many different time periods including ancient Near Eastern Art, Middle Ages and Europe during the Renaissance. The Met also has artwork from many different religions such as Christianity and Islam. Each section in the museum had a specific artwork that attracted my attention. On the first floor of the Met Museum is the Greek and Roman Art. The Greek and Roman section has hundreds of art work ranging from the Neolithic period to Roman Emperor Constantine. In the Greek and Roman section there is many portraits and sculptures including the statue of Emperor Augustus, the statue of Aphrodite, and the Marble female figure. The sculptures in this section range in different sh apes, sizes and colors and are made with a variety of materials. The sculptures depict emperors, Kings, Queens, Gods and Goddesses of the time. Much of the statues in this section are missing key parts such as arms, legs and the head due to the fact that they were damaged before being bought to the museum. The statue in this section that caught my attention the most was the Marble Statue of Aphrodite. This is a statue of Aphrodite, who is the Greek Goddess of love, beauty pleasure andShow MoreRelated Visit to the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Viewing the Asian Art Collections1562 Words   |  7 PagesVisit to the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Viewing the Asian Art Collections The Metropolitan Museum of Art has one of the finest Asian art collections that has enlightened and strengthened my understanding in my personal art experience. The Museum itself is an artistic architectural structure that graces the entire block on 82nd Street in Manhattan. Entering inside, I sensed myself going back into an era, into a past where people traded ideas and learned from each other. It is a past, whereRead MoreThe Frick Collection And The Met1309 Words   |  6 Pages The Frick Collection and The Met: A Comparison The Frick Collection and The Metropolitan Museum of Art are both very distinct art museums. If you visit the museums or their online websites, it becomes very apparent that they differ in historical backgrounds, in their curatorial departments, in the way in which they were founded and then funded and in the collections of art that they house. I visited both museums and it was evident to me that they bore many differences, and at the same time, theyRead MoreMuseum Paper761 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose of this paper is to visit The Metropolitan Museum of Art and write a reaction paper about art works at the museum based on my impressions about them. To begin, I will start by giving you a little of background information about this interesting museum. The Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded in 1870 by a group of American citizens. It opened on February 20, 1872 and was originally located at 681 on Fifth Avenue. Also known as â€Å"The Met†, the museum is located on the eastern edgeRead More comparison of the Met and Guggenheim Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pageshome to number of architectural classics. Two of these masterpieces of architecture are the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Guggenheim Museum. Both continue the metaphor of New York being a world within a world and possess the latent fusion of form and function, one dependent on the other. The Metropolitan Museum is the epitome of neo-Classical style while the Guggenheim is a modernist powerhouse. Each museum serves the same purpose: displaying humanity’s greatest achievements. By comparing and contrastingRead MoreSimilarities Between Buddhism And Islamic Religion1272 Words   |  6 Pagesanother, if even in the smallest ways. Buddhism and Isla m are religions that demonstrate similarities in ethical standards artistic works despite they emerged 1000 years apart. Buddhism and Islamic artwork expresses similar feelings on icons placed on art, yet these religions have different reasons why. The spread of Buddhism and Islamic religion once illustrated similarities in their artwork however; they began to branch off showing differences. Buddhism is a religion that worships more than one deityRead MoreMy Experience at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York635 Words   |  3 PagesNever before have I seen a museum as grand as the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. From its architecture to its massive art collection, The Met has a little bit of everything and one is sure to find something that captures his or her interest. Considering that The Met is the United States largest art museum, it is easy to get lost within its many corridors and wings. My visit to The Met took place during the last week of July. Despite the almost unbearable heat and humidity that hung in theRead MoreMuseum Field Trips to National Gallery of Art (NGA) and The Metropolitan Museum of Art556 Words   |  2 Pages The two sites that I have chosen to compare are the National Gallery of Art (NGA) and The Metropolitan Museum of Art (The Met). The reason I chose these specific sites was the first images I saw which made me want to explor e the webpages. I will be comparing the visual quality of the homepage, pictures, text, and content along with the overall quality of the two sites. I will go into detail about the differences and which site, in my opinion, would be more enjoyable based on their website. Read MoreA Discourse Of National Identity1832 Words   |  8 Pagesabout national identity and how it is reflected in the art produced in the United States. Both museums employing traditional classification from the art history, arranging the collections by period, schools, style, movement, and artists. Both collections approach the paradigms that address the historiography of American Art has established: the Colony, the configuration of the Republic, The Civil War, the Centennial of Independence, Modern art or European influence. In turn, each collection reservesRead MoreEssay on Memorable Day1584 Words   |  7 Pageshead over to the Metropolitan Museum. Now, everyone goes to a museum once or twice every few months, because people can’t seem to get enough of old dinosaur’s bones and other naturalistic pieces behind plated glass. I have been told by many that a typical museum visit is fine, but a visit to the Metropolitan is a site to behold. After being dropp ed off in front of an old classic building I knew in that moment that the rain gave me a precious gift. After all, when it comes to museums, I am a completeRead MoreEssay A Day at the Metropolitan Museum of Art918 Words   |  4 PagesA Day at the Metropolitan Museum of Art I. Jan van Eyck’s â€Å"Last Judgment† Jan van Eyck was active since 1422 and died in 1441. He was the most celebrated painter of the fifteen-century in Europe. One of his famous works is â€Å"The Last Judgment†. At first sight this work immediately attracted my attention. The painting’s stunning colors and the fact that it reminded me of a previous similar work I have seen, triggered in my mind. The material that is used is oil on canvas, transferred

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Ghetto Definition - 870 Words

Nicole Telesky The origin of a words definition can often be traced back years, decades or even centuries, thus allowing enough time for manipulation of its meaning to occur to where eventually the word becomes a commonly used, often randomly with little regard to its primary meaning. Such is the word â€Å"ghetto†. This word can be traced back into sixteenth century and here the twenty-first century, this original word has become part of our culture, but its current definition is far from original. The word ghetto has always been used to acknowledge a particular section of an area. In Venice Italy, it was used to describe neighborhoods where the city markets were located. The meaning then signified where the Jews in†¦show more content†¦Or if you are wearing something you feel is really cool, you call yourself ghetto and throw up a peace sign, even if you’re dressed like your going to Disney World. These multiple uses have nothing significant to do with the a ctual word, yet people still think they sound culturally correct. So how should ghetto be used? It should be used by its original meaning, an area with people who are not a s well off, people who struggle and work hard. Similar to some of its other uses, it should describe the particular culture that comes from modern ghettos, like the street smarts and tough emotions. This should not be used stereotypically, just as a description. The only time it should be used in a proud way is when someone is talking about their past and how much they worked to improve their lifestyle. Ghetto was never a positive word, so its meaning should rarely be positive. Often people from the ghetto mock being ghetto, not advise it. People continually use the word in a correct form or in a stupid fashion. With any word, people should take into context the words original meaning. No word should change to a complete opposite connotation. Chances are, people still consider the past definition and find new one s offensive. The word ghetto should be used in this manner, arguing against the popular popShow MoreRelatedHistorical And Contemporary Of Ghetto1582 Words   |  7 PagesGhetto, the word so frequently and severely misused due to the lack of attention to its historical and social contexts. A word with a bevy of associations due to some of the characteristics of a ghetto. A ghetto arises partially due to the forced spatial enclosure of the group through de jure or de facto segregation, yet the enclosed group is ridiculed for something they have no control over. Effectively, the lack of information contributes to mindsets and behaviors that instill a prejudicial behaviorRead MoreThe Holocaust Of The Nazi Party791 Words   |  4 Pagesin cramp insect-infested barracks. But before that the German people were forced to undergo test to make sure they were â€Å"German†. Then they ones who were different were separated and branded-like the Jewish Star of David. Later they were sent to ghettos. Eventually the prisoners were taken to concentration camps and tortured to death. But for many Holocaust victims the pain started long before Auschwitz. Starting in 1933 the Nazis passed laws against the Jewish, Jehovah Witnesses and other minoritiesRead MoreLiterary And Scholarly Works : Giovanni s Room By James Baldwin2163 Words   |  9 Pages Zaha Abuznada Ethnic Consciousness English Literature in the city, 4890. Anne Dewey May 11, 2015 Outline I. Introduction II. Distinction between a ghetto and an ethnic enclave III. The experiences of people living in ethnic enclaves IV. Different types of enclaves V. Conclusion VI. Works Cited Ethnic Consciousness I. Introduction The experiences of people living in ethnic enclavesRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II1651 Words   |  7 Pageswhere large numbers of people, especially political prisoners or members of persecuted minorities, are deliberately imprisoned in a relatively small area with inadequate facilities, sometimes to provide forced labor or to await mass execution.† The definition of this helps the understanding of the type of treatment for the Jews during the holocaust. When Jews arrived at the concentration camps, they were separated from their families. Men and women would be separated, with the children accompanying theirRead More Jewish Ghettos Essay1820 Words   |  8 Pages Jewish ghettos: The basic history of the formation of the Jewish ghettos, including the everyday life and economic hardships faced by the communities. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;By definition, a ghetto is an area, usually characterized by poverty and poor living conditions, which houses many people of a similar religion, race or nationality. They served to confine these groups of people and isolate them from the rest of the community because of political or social differences. However, theRead MoreHow Slums Are Constructed And Complex Economic, Social And Political Issues1564 Words   |  7 Pagesas the Paraguayans, or even the youth for the current state of the slum. These antagonisms create further divides within the slum and further increases the sense of isolation. Auyero compares Villa Paraà ­so to the ghetto neighbourhoods in the Bronx. He concludes that although the ghetto was created for different reasons such as the exodus of the middle class from the area, the same sentiments and feelings of despair are present. Additionally, despite the United States being a first world country andRead MoreEssay on Theresienstadt: A Mo del Jewish Ghetto3188 Words   |  13 Pagesat least, what the Nazis wanted people to believe. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Forty miles north west of Prague, Czechoslovakia, surrounded by the central Bohemian Mountains Hitler pinpointed the small town of Theresienstadt to be his paradise ghetto, his à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“giftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Located in a scenic community, Theresienstadt had broad streets and a large square surrounded by two large parks and two smaller ones. Here within an area five blocks wide and seven blocks long, over 140, 000 Jews would spend theRead MoreUnsung Hero Essay715 Words   |  3 PagesUnsung Hero Defining the word hero is difficult. The dictionary states that a hero is any person admired for courage, nobility, or exploits, especially in war. For most people, the definition of hero is left to interpretation. Some people believe a hero is an exceptional athlete, but others think it is the local cop that made the news for a job well done. It is all up to the individual who is defining what a hero is. Jan Karski is a hero for several reasons; he proved to be courageous, demonstratedRead MoreThe Uprise of Victory Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesGhettos were built in Germany and Poland to contain Jews in a small area so they could control the Jews.. The Jews were treated unfairly in the ghettos.† Warsaw had a prewar Jewish population of more than 350,000 constituted about 30 percent of the city had a total population (United States Holocaust Museum). The ghetto was enclosed by a wall that kept the Jews from the non-Jewish residents of the city. While many other Jewish mem bers went to the Warsaw ghettos camps without fight some decided toRead MoreThe Monuments And Museums : Art1164 Words   |  5 Pagesdenoting the catastrophic destruction of European Jewry during World War II. The term is used in Israel, and the Knesset (the Israeli Parliament) has designated an official day, called Yom ha-Shoah, as a day of commemorating the Shoah or Holocaust. (Definition of Shoah, 2017) . Looking at the displays from the Jewish Museum Berlin, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the Micha Ullman s Bibliothek Memorial, Memorial De La Shoah Paris and the counter-monument Monument against Fascism Hamberg

Friday, December 13, 2019

Bd Railway Free Essays

Organization Behavior of Bangladesh Railway In: Social Issues Organization Behavior of Bangladesh Railway An Assignment ON Organization behavior Submitted To: Dr. Syeda Lasna Kabir Associate Professor Dept. of Public Administration University of Dhaka. We will write a custom essay sample on Bd Railway or any similar topic only for you Order Now Submitted By: Md. Rajvi Hasan Roll No: MM–098 4th Year; 7th Semester Dept. of Public Administration University of Dhaka. Submission Date: 16th May 2011. Assignment topic A Research on Bangladesh Railway [pic] ? Introduction: Roads Railways Division is one of the important Divisions in the Government under the Ministry of Communication. Ministry of Communication comprises two Divisions, 1. Roads Railways Division and 2. Bridges Division. Roads Railways Division shoulders a vast task and plays a vital role in socio-economic development of our country. It governs the Departments/Organizations which are playing very important roles in building our new nation. These are : (1) Roads Highways Department (RHD), (2) Bangladesh Railway, (3) Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA), (4) Bangladesh Road Transport corporation (BRTC), (5) Dhaka Transport Co-ordination Board and (6) The office of the Government Inspector of Bangladesh Railways (GIBR). The principal motto of this Division is to ensure improvement of socio-economic condition of the people of our country through formulating policies regarding roads, road transports and railways and through construction, development, expansion and maintenance of environment-friendly and user-friendly integrated roads and railway transportation. Bangladesh Railway (BR) is the state-owned rail transport agency of Bangladesh. It operates and maintains the entire railway network of the country. Railway operation in today’s Bangladesh began on November 15, 1862 when 53. 11 kilometers of 5  ft  6  in  (1,676  mm) (broad gauge) line were opened for traffic between Darsana and Jagiti. The next 14. 98 kilometers 1,000  mm  (3  ft  3  3? 8  in) (meter gauge) line was opened for traffic on 4 January 1885. In 1891, the construction of then Bengal Assam Railway was taken up by the British Government assistance but that was later on taken over by the Bengal Assam Railway Company. On 1 July 1895, two sections of meter gauge lines were opened between Chittagong and Comilla, a length of 149. 89 kilometers and between Laksam and Cahndpur, a length of 50. 89 kilometers. Railway Companies formed in England took up the construction and operation of these sections in middle and late 19th century. At time of the partition of India in 1947, Bengal-Assam Railway was split up and the portion of the system, about 2,603. 92 kilometers fell within the boundary of then East Pakistan and control remained with the central Government of Pakistan. Later with the effect from 1 February 1961, Eastern Bengal Railway was renamed as Pakistan Eastern Railway. Then in 1962, the control of Pakistan Eastern Railway was transferred from the Central Government to the Government of East Pakistan and placed under the management of a Railway Board with the effect from the financial year 1962-63 by the presidential Order of 9 June 1962. As of 2005, the total length of railroad is 2,855 kilometres. Of that, 660  km are broad gauge tracks (mostly in the western region), 1,830  km are metre gauge tracks (mostly in the central and eastern regions) and 365  km are dual gauge tracks The gauge problem is being tackled by adding third rails to the most important broad and metre gauge routes, so that they become dual gauge. A major road-rail bridge at Jamuna opened in 1998 to connect the previously detached east and west rail networks. On March 2008, the broad gauge reached Dhaka, the national capital. Funding is being sought to upgrade the network and transform Bangladesh Railway into a profitable business. BR exceeded its target revenue earnings in the fiscal year 2007-2008. Bangladesh Railway provides various types of services ranging from shuttle service for university students to freight and cargo service. But still BR could not make profit as it is providing services to the nation at a subsidised rate in order to help the country’s economy and for the ease of people. Objective: The objectives of this study are 1) To understand evaluate the departmentalization of the BR. 2) To know the Spam of Control system of this organization. 3) To analyze the applicability of the theory of ‘Job Specialization’ in this selected organization. Rationale of the study: We have to overview the internal coordinating mechanism, internal environment the technology, age and the size of the organization. Because without knowing these features we can’t evaluate an organization’s hierarchy, efficiency, working environment in true sense. Research Question: The questions which will lead us to the research: 1. How does the span of control will work in BR? 2. What is the departmentalization of BR? 3. How job specialization is occurred? Hypothesis: On which the research are based on: 1. If it is a bureaucratic structure then the job specialization, departmentalization will be strict. . If it is a matrix structure, then job specialization, departmentalization will be much flexible than the previous one Research Methodology: 1. Content Analysis which is most common method for all types of research. The related books, publications, newspapers, internet sources etc have given information about the total scenario of the organiz ation. 2. I have interviewed few officials to understand the situation of that org. Area of focus: The area we are focusing on: Bangladesh Railway Head Office, Top khana, Dhaka. And, Bangladesh Railway Administrative Building, Kamlapur, Dhaka. Limitations of the study: 1. I had very little time to complete this study. 2. I did not have enough experience to do such studies. 3. As the data are collected from key informants at their working hours, there is chance of not receiving exact accurate information 4. I faced non cooperation from some of the employees. †¢ Chapterization: 1. Introduction: The railway department is a semi-autonomous organization under the The Ministry of Communications. This study intends to find out the internal coordinating mechanism, how does it cope with the external environment. The whole system of communication, tasks, coordinating mechanism prevails around organizational structure. Job specialization departmentalization are the two vital features of organization. And these two are hugely depended on that. If it follows a bureaucratic structure, then the job specialization departmentalization will be as rigid as the bureaucracy. And if it follows a matrix structure, then it will be more open to the environment. 2. Theoretical Framework: In this study, we will try to define these with the following theories: Job Specialization: The method of job specialization involves breaking down a task to its lowest level and designing jobs around each part. This creates specialization, expertise, and improved quality. Job specialization design in the workplace is frequently seen in manufacturing and assembly lines where a worker focuses on one specific task and ability during the entire work shift. The task frequently repeats all day long. Specialization is the process of performing a certain task which makes a person be in limited in performing other activities out of work she/he is specializes purposely. Job descriptions are written statements that describe the: †¢ duties, †¢ responsibilities, †¢ most important contributions and outcomes needed from a position, †¢ required qualifications of candidates, and †¢ Reporting relationship and coworkers of a particular job. Job descriptions are based on objective information obtained through job analysis, an understanding of the competencies and skills required to accomplish needed tasks, and the needs of the organization to produce work. Job descriptions clearly identify and spell out the responsibilities of a specific job. Job descriptions also include information about working conditions, tools, equipment used, knowledge and skills needed, and relationships with other positions. The best job descriptions are living, breathing documents that are updated as responsibilities change. The best job descriptions do not limit employees, but rather, cause them to stretch their experience, grow their skills, and develop their ability to contribute within their organization. Departmentalization: Departmentalization refers to the process of grouping activities into departments. Division of labor creates specialists who need coordination. This coordination is facilitated by grouping specialists together in departments. The main types of departmentalization are- †¢ Functional departmentalization – Grouping activities by functions performed. Activities can be grouped according to function (work being done) to pursue economies of scale by placing employees with shared skills and knowledge into departments for example human resources, IT, accounting, manufacturing, logistics, and engineering. Functional departmentalization can be used in all types of organizations. †¢ Product departmentalization – Grouping activities by product line. Tasks can also be grouped according to a specific product or service, thus placing all activities related to the product or the service under one manager. Each major product area in the corporation is under the authority of a senior manager who is specialist in, and is responsible for, everything related to the product line. LA Gear is an example of company that uses product departmentalization. Its structure s based on its varied product lines which include women’s footwear, children’s footwear and men’s’ footwear. †¢ Customer departmentalization – Grouping activities on the basis of common customers or types of customers. Jobs may be grouped according to the type of customer served by the organization. The assumption is that customers in each department have a common set of problems and ne eds that can best be met by specialists. The sales activities in an office supply firm can be broken down into three departments that serve retail, wholesale and government accounts. Geographic departmentalization – Grouping activities on the basis of territory. If an organization’s customers are geographically dispersed, it can group jobs based on geography. For example, the organization structure of Coca-Cola has reflected the company’s operation in two broad geographic areas – the North American sector and the international sector, which includes the Pacific Rim, the European Community, Northeast Europe, Africa and Latin America groups. †¢ Process departmentalization – Grouping activities on the basis of product or service or customer flow. Because each process requires different skills, process departmentalization allows homogenous activities to be categorized. For example, the applicants might need to go through several departments namely validation, licensing and treasury, before receiving the driver’s license. Span of control: The span of control refers to number of employees that directly report to a single manager. Span of control determines the structure of an organization, a narrow span of control results in hierarchal organization while broad span of control leads to flat structure. Since management represents the activities that do not directly result in productivity, they are rather a overhead, span of control determines the additional operational cost. Quantitatively,  companywide overhead can be calculated by dividing the total number of management staff with the size of organization. Span of control formulation What is an optimal ratio of manger to direct reports without compromising the productivity? It is a fundamental problem in designing the structure of an organization; empirically this range is pretty wide, from 4 to 22 depending upon the nature of work. In 1933, V. A. Graicunas, a paris based consultant formulated the span of control based on number of direct and indirect relationships that a superior has to manage. Graicunas identified three types of relationships: 1. Number of direct relationships between manager and subordinate, it represents the span of control. 2. Number of peer-to-peer relationships, it represent issues due to interpersonal conflicts. Note that each pair of peers represent 2 relationships and not 1, if there are two subordinates, dick and jane, dick might have different concern for jane than jane’s concern for dick. Hence for a manger, they represent 2 different set of problems and not one. 3. Data analysis ; data presentation: Bangladesh Railway is one of the most efficient ; large departments of GOB. Since the Department was founded the size of the major rail network in Bangladesh has grown. The Department is headed by a Director General who is supported by a number of officers. The total number of personnel in the Department is almost 35,000. It’s a huge number for any organization. To control this kind of large organizations, one needs to have very strong Span of control or line of authority. BR has that. pic] After independence, the railway was first supervised by a Railway Board which was abolished in 1982. Thereafter, the BR came under the jurisdiction of the Railway Division of the Ministry of Communications with the Secretary of the Division working as the Director General of BR. In 1995, instead of being the part of the Ministry, BR came under control of a professional Director General supervised by the Bangladesh Railway Authority that is chaired by the Minister of Communications. As the part of the Bureaucracy, BRfollows the BURREAUCRATIC STRUCTURE, which refers to the Tall Organization. According to the concept it is appropriate for Bureaucratic Organizations. But, it causes some disadvantages too. DEPARTMENTALIZATION can be described as grouping employees on the basis of the similarity of expertise, knowledge. It enhances the success rate of an organization. As BR is a huge organization, it’s divided into several departments on the basis of the similar functions. BR is divided into two zones, East ; West, each under control of a general manager who is accountable to the Director General of Bangladesh Railway. The two zones have their separate departments or operation, maintenance, and finances. Each zone is divided into two divisions that contain departments for Personnel, Transportation, Commercial, Finance Mechanical, Way and Works Signaling ; Telecommunication, Electrical, Medical, etc. Each zone also has its Workshop Divisions, located at Pahartali and Saidpur, respectively. A locomotive workshop is located at Parbatipur for broad and metre gauge locomot ives. BR manages its own Railway Training Academy. A separate Directorate under the Ministry of Communications is charged to inspect different works of BR in relation to safety. Job Specialization is the process of performing a certain task which makes a person be in limited in performing other activities out of work she/he is specializes purposely. It enables employees to become very skilled ; productive at their assigned task. Another motive of departmentalization is to ensure job specialization. It is usually seen that every department of an organization is assigned to those functions or tasks at which they are expert. The downside of job specialization tends to be that people can only do one task. They aren’t trained to multitask or handle multiple areas of a workplace. As a result, when a critical expertise is lost, the process can suffer. Additionally, workers under job specialization don’t have a wide array of applicable skills, so it becomes hard for them to adapt to a new function or need in the organization. It creates monopoly this means after specialization certain field of work may lead into boredom to the worker. Efficient administration of BR is also hindered by lack of rules and regulations that have been approved by the Board but are awaiting Government approval as well. Which creates delay to the recruitment process. Conclusion: Removing the old shield, the whole world is intending to get more modernized. But still we are following the hundreds years old ‘Bureaucracy system’ which has caused nothing but losses. Being a Bureaucratic organization or part BR is no different. They are still following the traditional bureaucratic model with no flexibility. Everything in the organization prevails according to the law ; regulation. Job specialization or departmentalization is fixed. They can’t work out of it, even in an emergency. There is little chance for the subordinates to present their ideas or opinions by crossing seniors. They maintain a very strict line of authority, where managers have the supreme authority. This may be the traditional bureaucratic role. But it has to change according to the needs of this millennium. As like the private organizations RHD officials should be given more freedom, authorization to take faster decision. Only then the organizational goal of customer satisfaction can be achieved. Reference: 1. http://www. railway. gov. bd 2. Class lectures 3. Railway Information book 4. Mr. Ahsanullah Bhuiyan, Deputy Director, Bangladesh Railway. 5. Mr. Sarwar Alam, Asstt. Commercial Officer, Bangladesh Railway. [pic] How to cite Bd Railway, Papers